Climate change means long-term changes in things like temperature, rain, wind, and other parts of the weather. These changes are mostly because of human actions like burning fuels, cutting down forests, making more industry, and farming in ways that aren't sustainable. These actions add more gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the air, which trap heat and change the climate. Climate change is one of the biggest problems of the 21st century, and agriculture is one of the areas most affected by it. Because farming depends on weather conditions, even small changes in temperature or rain can greatly affect crop growth, animals, how much food is available, and how well farmers can make a living.One of the most clear signs of climate change is that the Earth is getting warmer. Rising temperatures affect crops in many ways. Many crops grow best in certain temperature ranges. If temperatures go above that range, crops grow slower, take less time to mature, and produce less. For example, high temperatures during the time when crops are flowering can stop pollen from working properly in crops like rice and wheat, leading to poor grain production. Heat also makes soil dry out faster, creating dry conditions even in places that used to have enough rain.Changes in how much and when it rains are another big effect of climate change on farming. In many places, rain is now less predictable. Some areas have long periods without rain, while others get too much rain and face flooding. Drought reduces the moisture in the soil, makes it harder for seeds to start growing, and limits how much nutrients plants can use. It also makes it harder for farmers to get enough water for crops, especially in places where they rely on rain instead of irrigation. On the other hand, too much rain and flooding can damage crops, wash away good topsoil, cause erosion, and spread plant diseases. Floods can also destroy stored grain, farm buildings, and water systems, leading to big losses for farmers.Climate change also causes more frequent and stronger extreme weather events like heat waves, cold snaps, storms, and hail. These events can quickly and seriously harm crops and animals. Heat waves can damage crops and lower milk and meat production in livestock. Cold waves and frost can destroy crops like vegetables and fruits. Storms and cyclones can destroy crops, uproot trees, and damage farm buildings. These events make farming more unpredictable and risky for farmers.Another big effect of climate change on farming is that pests, diseases, and weeds are spreading more. Warmer temperatures and changes in how wet or dry it is create better conditions for insects and plant diseases. Warmer weather allows these pests to live longer, reproduce faster, and spread to new areas. This causes more damage to crops and increases the need for pesticides, which raises costs and harms the environment. Weeds also grow faster in hotter and more humid conditions, competing with crops for food, water, and sunlight.Livestock farming is also badly affected. High temperatures cause heat stress in animals, which reduces how much they eat, how fast they grow, and how much milk and meat they produce. Stress can also lead to animal deaths, especially in chickens and dairy cows. Changes in rain affect the availability and quality of food for animals. Drought reduces grass growth, while floods can destroy grazing land. Climate change also increases the risk of diseases in livestock, as many disease-causing organisms thrive in warm and humid conditions.Soil health, which is important for farming, is also affected. Heavy rains can wash away soil, reduce the nutrients in the soil, and lower the amount of organic matter. Drought causes soil to crack, slow down the activity of soil microbes, and reduce fertility. Higher temperatures speed up the breakdown of organic matter, making soil less able to hold water and nutrients. Poor soil leads to less crop production and a need for more chemical fertilizers.All these changes in crops, animals, soil, and water resources threaten food security. Lower production can lead to less food, higher prices, and more hunger and poor nutrition, especially in poorer countries where many people depend on farming for their livelihood. Small and poor farmers are especially at risk because they have fewer resources to deal with changing weather.Despite these problems, farming also contributes to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases from activities like using fertilizers, growing rice, and raising animals. However, there are ways to reduce emissions and make farming more resilient. Practices like growing a variety of crops, using drought-tolerant and heat-resistant plants, farming without disturbing the soil, managing water better, planting trees with crops, and using natural farming methods can help farmers adapt to climate change while protecting the environment.In short, climate change deeply affects farming by changing temperature, rain, extreme weather, pests, animals, and soil health. These changes harm farming, the income of farmers, and the ability to produce enough food. Dealing with these issues needs strategies that both adjust to and reduce climate change, support from policies, research, and the involvement of farmers. By using sustainable and climate-resistant farming methods, it is possible to reduce the bad effects of climate change and make sure there is enough food for future generations.